Constipation

Constipation affects a substantial portion of population, particularly prevalent in oider adults, women and children.

What is Constipation ?

Constipation is defined as straining, hard stools and inability to have bowel movement. Bowel movements frequency varies widely among healthy people from three bowel movements per day to three bowel movements in a week.

Causes

Low fibre diet

Inadequate fluid intake

Low levels of physical activity

Poor toilet training

Medications

Medical conditions including diabetes mallitus, hypothyroidism, neurological disorder, colorectal diseases and etc.

Symptoms

Stool frequency less than three times per week

Abdominal discomfort / bloating

Straining frequently while passing stool

A sensation of incomplete bowel movements

Having to apply manual pressure to have a bowel movement.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of constipation requires a detailed medical history and physical examination including per rectal examination. Treating doctor will determine exact cause of constipation and treat accordingly.

Biofeedback therapy or Surgery:

Rarely, patients having pelvic muscle dysfunction may need biofeedback or surgery.

Treatment

Lifestyle modification and dietary changes are all most importat components that are needed to relieve constipation.

Dietary changes: Food with high fibre including vegetables and fruits, beans, high fiber cereals and breads. Plenty of fluid intake. Avoid caffeinated beverages.

Toilet Habits: Sufficient time should alloted for undisturbed visits to the washroom. After breakfast bowel movement is often most productive. Person should not ignore the urge to have a bowel movement.

Physical activity: Regular exercise including walking, cycling or swimming.

- Along with lifestyle changes you may require other treatment options including:

Fiber supplements:

Usually these are natural supplement and makes stools softer. They are safe to use daily.

Laxatives:

Laxative is a common term for medications that promote bowel movements. Some medicines work by stimulating the bowel or rectum while other drugs change the consistency of the stool. Few patients require various combinations of medications for their constipation.

Medical Tests:

Colonoscopy – for visualisation of rectum and large bowel, motility study, Colonic transit study or even special tests (Defecography, Balloon expulsin test) are required in few patients.

When to consult Doctor?

An unexplained alteration in bowel habits

Pain and straining while passing stool that does not improve after diet and lifestyle changes

Stool mixed with blood

Rectal pain / discomfort

Constipation alternates with diarrhea

Pencil like thin stools

Unexplained unintentional loss of weight

Something coming out from the rectum when you strain down.